The key to successful realization of user-centric (Personal Network (PN)) and group-centric (PN Federation) cooperation is the general connectivity architecture which can seamlessly bridge heterogeneous personal devices, placed both in the close vicinity and at remote locations. The development, implementation and integration of global Personal Network architecture for connecting the devices geographically separated across the interconnection structures (intranet or Internet, for instance) has been explored recently in Hoebeke (2006). However, the ad-hoc seamless connectivity among the heterogeneous PN devices present in the close vicinity of each other, is still open to research. Moreover, the extension of PN concept to realize the group-centric Personal Network Federation (PN-F) i.e. connecting multiple PNs, towards PUE is a research theme that emerged recently. In this section, we present general connectivity architecture i.e. a routing protocol, which enables cooperation in PUE. At first, it facilitates the cooperation between the user's heterogeneous devices in order to form a Personal Network (PN). Moreover, at second, our cooperative routing protocol enables multiple PNs to join hands to form a PN Federation. In order to summarize, the routing solution enables the cooperation not only within the devices of a distinct user, but also among the devices of different users, making the vision of PUE, a reality.
Preliminaries
1 Terminology
As described previously, we define a "personal node (pn)" to be the node that belongs to the owner of a PN. Each node is identified by its Personal Network Identification (PN-ID) and Node Identification (NID). All personal nodes of a PN owner share the same PN-ID. A "Gateway Node (GN)" is a personal node that enables the connectivity to the infrastructure network such as Internet or corporate LAN. A personal node is defined to be "Federation Manager (FM)", if it enables connectivity to the personal nodes of the other PN(s). A "PN Cluster" is a network of personal nodes located within a limited geographical area (such as house, office or car). One or more than one "PN cluster" of a single owner contributes his PN.
2 Cooperative PN Federation Profiles
In order to interact among the PNs and to create trustable PN Federations (PN-Fs), rules and polices are needed to determine for instance, who is or can become member of the federation and how and which resources are made available to the PN-F members. Based on this, two different types of profiles have been identified to realise the concept of PN-F (PN to PN interaction), such as "PN-F profile" and "PN-F participation profile". As shown in Figure 1, the PN-F profile is common to the federation, created by the PN-F creator, which reflects the global information about the PN-F. Whereas, the "participation profile" is bound to the individual PN-F member and it reflects his local view regarding the PN-F. The PN-F is initiated by the PN-F profile, which is further updated with the help of participation profiles during the course of PN-F's existence.
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